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ASHRAE 90.1-2025 (SI)

Energy Standard for Sites and Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ANSI Approved; IES Co-sponsored) (SI)
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Understanding ASHRAE 90.1

ASHRAE Standard 90.1: The Energy Standard for Buildings

ASHRAE 90.1 is a benchmark American National Standard that provides minimum requirements for the energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. It has been a cornerstone of building energy codes in the United States and worldwide for decades.


Core Objectives

  • Minimum Efficiency: Establishes the floor for energy performance in new buildings and additions.
  • System Requirements: Dictates performance criteria for the building envelope, HVAC, water heating, power, and lighting.
  • Regulatory Foundation: Serves as the basis for state and local building codes, as well as programs like LEED certification.

Key Technical Categories

Category Focus Areas
Building Envelope Insulation (R-values), Fenestration (U-factors), and air leakage control.
HVAC Systems Equipment efficiency, fan power limitations, and mandatory controls.
Lighting Lighting Power Density (LPD) and automated occupancy/daylight sensors.
Power Voltage drop limits and automatic receptacle control.

Compliance Paths

Users generally follow one of two paths to prove a building meets the standard:

  1. Prescriptive Path: Following specific, line-by-line requirements for every component.
  2. Performance Path: Using whole-building energy modeling to prove the design consumes less energy than a "baseline" version of the same building.
Note: Because technology and construction methods evolve, ASHRAE updates the 90.1 standard every three years to push for higher efficiency.
SDO ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers
Document Number Standard 90
Publication Date March 30, 2026
Language en - English
Page Count 484
Revision Level
Supercedes
Committee
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