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Standard Test Method for Determining Residual Stresses by the Hole-Drilling Strain-Gage Method
1.1Ă‚Â Residual Stress Determination:Ă‚Â
1.1.1 This test method specifies a hole-drilling procedure for determining in-plane residual stresses near the surface of an isotropic linearly elastic material. It applies to residual stress determinations where the stresses do not vary significantly across the diameter of the drilled hole. The measured stresses are the in-plane residual stresses that are present within the depth of the drilled hole. Stress sensitivity rapidly decreases with depth from the measured surface, and deep interior stresses cannot be evaluated. The measured residual stresses are described as “uniform” if they remain approximately constant within the hole depth, or “non-uniform” if they vary significantly.
1.1.2 “Blind” holes are used, where the depth of the drilled hole and therefore the depth of the residual stress evaluation is less than the specimen thickness.
1.2Ă‚Â Stress Measurement Range:Ă‚Â
1.2.1Ă‚Â The near-surface residual stresses primarily influence the relieved strains. The influences of the interior stresses diminish rapidly with their depth from the surface. Thus, hole-drilling measurements are mainly sensitive to near-surface stresses; deep interior stresses cannot be identified reliably.
1.2.2 This test method applies in cases where material behavior is linear-elastic. When near-yield residual stresses are present, it is possible for local yielding to occur due to the stress concentration around the drilled hole. Satisfactory measurement results can be achieved when the residual stresses do not exceed about 80 % of the material yield stress (1).
1.3Ă‚Â Specimen Damage:Ă‚Â
1.3.1 Compared with most other mechanical methods for measuring residual stresses, the hole-drilling method does relatively modest damage to the specimen, and is often described as “semi-destructive.” However, since hole drilling does cause some damage, this test method should be applied only in those cases either where the specimen is expendable, or where the introduction of a small shallow hole will not significantly affect the usefulness of the specimen.
1.4Ă‚Â The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5Ă‚Â This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6Ă‚Â This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.1Ă‚Â Summary:Ă‚Â
5.1.1Ă‚Â Residual stresses are present in almost all materials. They can be created during the manufacture or life of the material. Residual stresses can be a significant factor in the failure of a material, particularly one subjected to alternating service loads or corrosive environments. Residual stress can also be beneficial, for example, the compressive stresses produced by shot peening. The hole-drilling strain-gage technique is a practical general-purpose method for determining residual stresses.
| SDO | ASTM: ASTM International |
| Document Number | E837 |
| Publication Date | April 1, 2025 |
| Language | en - English |
| Page Count | 17 |
| Revision Level | 25e1 |
| Supercedes | |
| Committee | E28.13 |