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CTA TR-11

Study of Audio Loudness Range for Consumers in Various Listening Modes
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This study was conducted to determine the maximum variation of audio loudness or “loudness range” desired by listeners in various listening environments. Techniques to control audio level, such as automatic gain controls, volume limiters, etc., have been introduced into automobiles, computer players and other devices, but relatively little data exists on the audio loudness ranges preferred by listeners in these consumer audio playback systems. This study was intended to provide information to guide the design of loudness management techniques for audio playback systems and headphones for mobile playback devices. The information also may provide information for producers of audio content on how the loudness range of their program material meets the needs of listeners. At the production and transmission stages of audio content, systems have been available for more than 70 years to control audio signals. For good reason, these systems are focused on the technical needs of the channel in order to avoid overload and to optimize the dynamic range of the medium. Their designs are seldom explored in an empirical way, and have generally been estimates of listener’s needs for loudness range, without awareness of the end listening conditions. [1] However, it is likely that the loudness range desired by listeners is dependent on the amount of ambient (background) noise in the listening environment. Ambient noise conditions typically encountered by listeners may include average home noises, business office machines and background chatter, automobile cabin noise and, particular to portable audio equipment, public transit. To investigate the relation between ambient noise and loudness range, this study measured the sound levels desired by listeners in specific noise environments at known sound pressure levels. The audio content was derived from popular music, fine arts performances, newscasts and talk shows currently distributed by Internet audio streams, podcasts, etc. Both loudspeaker and earbuds listening modes were tested.
SDO CTA: Consumer Technology Association
Document Number TR-11
Publication Date Dec. 1, 2015
Language en - English
Page Count 21
Revision Level
Supercedes
Committee
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