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HEI 2622 9th Edition

Standards for Closed Feedwater Heaters, 9th Edition
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The HEI Standards for Closed Feedwater Heaters (9th Edition) is the definitive industry manual for the design, construction, and operation of high-pressure and low-pressure shell-and-tube heat exchangers used to preheat boiler feedwater.

In a power plant cycle, these heaters use "extraction steam" from the turbine to warm up the water returning to the boiler. This significantly increases the overall thermodynamic efficiency of the plant. The 9th Edition (released in 2017) remains the current global benchmark for ensuring these massive components can withstand extreme pressures and thermal cycling.

Technical Scope & Content

Unlike a surface condenser (which operates under vacuum), a closed feedwater heater often operates at very high pressures. The HEI standard provides rigorous guidelines for:

  • Zonal Design: Feedwater heaters often have three distinct heat transfer zones—the Desuperheating Zone, the Condensing Zone, and the Subcooling (Drains Cooling) Zone. The manual provides formulas for calculating the surface area required for each.
  • Tube-Side Hydraulics: Standards for calculating pressure drop and velocity to prevent tube erosion and vibration.
  • Mechanical Integrity: Guidance on tubesheet thickness, shell design, and the critical tube-to-tubesheet joints (which must remain leak-proof under high pressure).
  • Material Selection: Specifications for carbon steel, stainless steel, and copper-nickel alloys, including "fouling factors" for each.

Key Improvements in the 9th Edition

This edition introduced several critical updates to address common failure points in aging power plants:

  • Vibration Analysis: Enhanced methods for predicting and preventing Tube Vibration, which is a leading cause of heater failure.
  • Nozzle Loadings: Updated calculations for the stresses placed on the heater by the massive steam and water piping connected to it.
  • Venting and Draining: Refined requirements for removing non-condensable gases and managing the "drains" (condensed steam) to prevent water induction back into the turbine.
  • Emergency Conditions: Better definitions for "abnormal" operating modes, such as when one heater in a string is bypassed.
SDO HEI: Heat Exchange Institute
Document Number 2622
Publication Date Jan. 1, 2015
Language en - English
Page Count 84
Revision Level 9
Supercedes
Committee
Publish Date Document Id Type View
Jan. 1, 2015 HEI 2622 9th Edition Revision